【Excerpts】Main impact characteristics of the slope collapse

       Slope refers to the slope surface with a certain slope, which is divided into artificial slope and natural slope according to the construction method, and is divided into soil quality and rock according to the stratum lithology. Slope collapse is the sudden fall movement because the slope is too steep or insufficient support, the slope is under the influence of gravity or other external forces. In recent years, there have been cases of rescue casualties caused by slope collapse accidents in many places, and such rescue has become a difficulty and pain point in rescue.

Main features

Ⅰ.Many secondary disasters

       Slope collapse accidents are generally easy to cause personnel buried pressure, extrusion, mechanical injury and other injuries, and easy to cause secondary disasters such as recollapse, landslide, pipeline fracture, cable damage and so on. On May 26,2014, a city development zone a construction site deep about 5m, about 2 m wide sewage drainage tunnel suddenly collapsed, will 1 workers buried pressure the local fire brigade to rescue, as firefighters will be injured workers on a stretcher ready to evacuate, tunnel west suddenly large earthwork fell, then cause north and south sides large landslides, lead to three rescuers sacrifice. The first collapse of "8 5" accident leads to the stability of manual operation, which causes the buried pressure of the construction personnel; the second collapse of "8 5" accident and "7 23" accident belong to the structural damage caused by the open large area slope collapse, and the "7 23" accident is also a typical slope instability collapse and explosion risk accident.

Ⅱ.High potential risk

       The slope suddenly collapsed, forming a large amount of earthwork and sand mixture in a short time, along the steep slope terrain, with collapse, landslide, buried pressure and other multiple damage effects, sudden strong, wide range of harm, easy to cause secondary collapse and casualties. In addition, China is rich in mineral resources, a wide variety of mining, a large number of storage and use of civil explosives operation, once the slope collapse, will bring huge safety risks to the rescue operation.

Ⅲ. The search and rescue task is urgent

       After the accident is unknown, the social from all walks of life, trapped people screaming, distress, in danger, medical personnel or other rescue forces in the emergency rescue, the scene trapped families and onlookers emotional, easy to cause rescue workers in assessment is not comprehensive, protection does not reach the designated position, strength risk rescue.

Ⅳ. Rescue operations are difficult

       The operation environment of slope collapse is very complex, especially when the mine slope collapses, the engineering volume is wide, the open sections is many, the burial depth is large, and possibly explosives. In the "7 23" accident, the slope of thousands of cubic meters of coal mixture of the mine instantly collapsed, burying vehicles and personnel, with a maximum buried pressure depth of 3 meters. In the "8 5" accident, the collapse was about 30 meters long and had an average thickness of 3 meters. Under the position of the trapped personnel under the impact of a large number of earthwork, the buried position and depth changed greatly, increasing the difficulty of personnel search and rescue.

Ⅴ. Social attention is very wide-ranging

       Slope collapse, especially mine accidents, usually involve a large number of people in distress, large property losses and high rescue risks. Party committees and governments at all levels are highly concerned about them and widely concerned by all sectors of society. Rescue operations are more likely to become the focus of high attention of the news media, easily cause negative public opinion, and put forward higher requirements for command, decision-making and rescue operations.

——Source: Basic Engineering Network

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